Setup Python Web Environment on LNMP

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# Given the target directories tree as below, the website is 'abc.com', the virtual environment with name 'env', the project's name is 'pro'

/etc/python/abc.com/
├── uwsgi.ini
├── env/               # 虚拟环境文件夹
├── pro/               # 项目文件夹
│   ├── db.sqlite3
│   ├── manage.py
│   ├── media/
│   ├── static/
│   ├── pro/           # 子文件夹，包含Django项目的核心配置
│   │   ├── asgi.py
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── __pycache__/
│   │   ├── settings.py
│   │   ├── templates/
│   │   ├── urls.py
│   │   ├── views.py
│   │   ├── wsgi.py

# Step 1: 

cd /etc/python/

mkdir -p abc.com

cd abc.com

sudo apt update

sudo apt install python3 python3-pip python3-venv python3-dev libmysqlclient-dev build-essential

# Step 2: 

cd /etc/python/abc.com/

python3 -m venv env

source env/bin/activate

pip install django

# Step 3: 

sudo vim uwsgi.ini

# paste these content into it then save and exit (:wq)

[uwsgi]
chdir = /etc/python/abc.com/pro
module = pro.wsgi:application
env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=pro.settings
home = /etc/python/abc.com/env
socket = /run/uwsgi/pro.sock
chmod-socket = 666
vacuum = true
plugin = python3

# Step 4: 

cd /etc/systemd/system/

sudo vim uwsgi.service

# paste these content into it then save and exit (:wq)

[Unit]
Description=uWSGI Service
After=network.target

[Service]
User=www-data
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/etc/python/abc.com/pro
ExecStart=/etc/python/abc.com/env/bin/uwsgi --ini /etc/python/abc.com/uwsgi.ini

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

sudo systemctl enable uwsgi
sudo systemctl start uwsgi

# Step 5: 

cd /etc/python/abc.com/pro/

python manage.py collectstatic

sudo vim settings.py

# modify these content, then save and exit

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media/")
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['abc.com', 'www.abc.com']
DEBUG = False


# Step 6: 

cd /etc/nginx/sites-available/

sudo vim abc.com.conf

# paste these content into it then save and exit (:wq)

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name abc.com www.abc.com;

    location / {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass unix:/run/uwsgi/pro.sock;
    }

    location /static/ {
        alias /etc/python/abc.com/pro/static/;
    }

    location /media/ {
        alias /etc/python/abc.com/pro/media/;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
    }

    listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/privkey.pem;
    include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
    ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
}

server {
    if ($host = www.abc.com) {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }
    if ($host = abc.com) {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }
    listen 80;
    server_name abc.com www.abc.com;
    return 404;
}

# Step 7: 

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/abc.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
certbot -d abc.com --nginx -v
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginx
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /etc/python/abc.com/

# Step 8: 

sudo mkdir /run/uwsgi
sudo chown www-data:www-data /run/uwsgi
sudo systemctl restart uwsgi

# Step 9: 

cd /etc/tmpfiles.d/uwsgi.conf

vim uwsgi.conf

# # paste these content into it then save and exit (:wq)

d /run/uwsgi 0755 www-data www-data -

# Step 10: Check the status of nginx and uwsgi, if runs well, the abc.com or www.abc.com can display correctly.

cd /etc/python/abc.com

python manage.py collectstatic

systemctl restart nginx && systemctl restart uwsgi

systemctl status nginx && systemctl status uwsgi

# Step 11: modify the default admin entrance for abc.com:

cd /etc/python/abc.com/pro/pro

sudo vim urls.py

# change 'admin' to something you want, such as 'ksdfelkj' as bellow:

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', views.home, name='home'),  # 配置根路径的 URL
]

# save and exit, then restart uwsgi as below:

sudo systemctl restart uwsgi && sudo systemctl status uwsgi

 

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